The True Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone Essay Example For Students

The True Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone Essay In Master Sophocles Antigone, the topic of who the appalling saint truly is has been a subject of discussion for an extraordinary number years. Creon has a portion of the characteristics that establish an awful legend yet shockingly doesn't totally fit into the job. Antigone, be that as it may, has all the parts of an awful legend. These are, in no specific request, having a high social position, not being excessively fortunate or unfortunate, being industrious in their activities, exciting compassion in the crowd, a dramatic appearance, and having a solitary blemish that realizes their own death and the end of others around them. Antigone has these characteristics accordingly qualifying as the awful legend. We will compose a custom exposition on The True Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The primary passing viewpoint is that Antigone is of a high social remaining in Thebes. Creon himself alludes to her as a princess however she is actually not, at this point one. In view of her high standing she is equipped for extraordinary torment, in that she has a great deal of acclaim and respect to lose. The individuals who state Creon is the sad saint state say that Antigone is no longer in a high situation in the general public, consequently doesn't qualify on that account. On the off chance that the character had should have been in a high political position this would be valid, however they need just have a lot to lose in their defeat. Despite the fact that she may no longer hold political force Antigone is as yet an incredible figure in Thebes, since she was to be hitched to Creons child Haemon and the entire city appeared to know how shocking her life had become. Antigone and Creon would qualify as the unfortunate saint if the main prerequisite was not being excessively fortunate or unfortunate. Creon shows his negative side when he will not cover Polyneices and when he addresses the guard. His positive side is appeared in his conspicuous fondness for Antigone and Ismene, whom he has endeavored to raise since their dads demise. Antigones indecent side is appeared by her perverted conduct with her sibling Polyneices. Her sure side is appeared by the manner in which the she demands regarding his entitlement to be covered in the strict custom of Greece with the goal that his spirit may live on in the great beyond. Another part of a sad saint is a resolute strategy, probably brought about by their imperfection, that realizes their death and the downfall of people around them. Antigones blemish is her rash and tenacious conduct. This is the wellspring of the contention in the play. Had Antigone approached Creon for consent to cover Polyneices in recognition of the Greek job in strict life he would have likely permitted it. Rather, she impulsively chose to assume control over issues, in all probability due to her resentment in losing the genuine romance of her life. This angle additionally rises later in the play, when Antigone chooses to execute herself in the cavern instead of give Creon the fulfillment of the deed. Had she not been so indiscreetly rushed she would have been saved her life by Creon, who was en route to free Antigone and have Polyneices given an appropriate internment. Creon doesn't have an industrious nature, and consequently couldn't be the Aristotelian unfortunate saint. His awkwardness as a ruler is predominant in the manner he falters on the subject of Polyneices internment. First and foremost he appears to be difficult, which some state is one of the lethal imperfections that qualify him as a grievous legend, however later adjusts his perspective. The genuine grievous saint would adhere to their lethal imperfection, similar to Antigone did, until their total death. .uf067727017770d37a04cb32fde209761 , .uf067727017770d37a04cb32fde209761 .postImageUrl , .uf067727017770d37a04cb32fde209761 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .uf067727017770d37a04cb32fde209761 , .uf067727017770d37a04cb32fde209761:hover , .uf067727017770d37a04cb32fde209761:visited , .uf067727017770d37a04cb32fde209761:active { border:0!important; } .uf067727017770d37a04cb32fde209761 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uf067727017770d37a04cb32fde209761 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; progress: mistiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uf067727017770d37a04cb32fde209761:active , .uf067727017770d37a04cb32fde209761:hover { murkiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uf067727017770d37a04cb32fde209761 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: rel ative; } .uf067727017770d37a04cb32fde209761 .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-enrichment: underline; } .uf067727017770d37a04cb32fde209761 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uf067727017770d37a04cb32fde209761 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-beautification: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf067727017770d37a04cb32fde209761:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uf 067727017770d37a04cb32fde209761 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uf067727017770d37a04cb32fde209761-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uf067727017770d37a04cb32fde209761:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Making Fun of Optimism Religion and Greed EssayAs far as the issue of emerging compassion in the crowd and in different characters, plainly Antigone unmistakably prevails upon Creon in the field of power of feeling. All of Thebes identifies with Antigone, particularly after she has been condemned to death. Haemon himself tells his dad And I have heard them, mumbling and whisperingThey state no lady has ever, so nonsensically, passed on so disgraceful a demise for a liberal demonstration. Clearly she had the pity of the whole city aside from Creon. Creon, be that as it may, is . The True Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone Essay Example For Students The True Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone Essay The True Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone In Master Sophocles Antigone, the inquiry of who the terrible saint truly is has been a subject of discussion for an incredible number years. Creon has a portion of the characteristics that comprise a sad legend however lamentably doesn't totally fit into the job. We will compose a custom exposition on The True Tragic Hero in Sophocles Antigone explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Antigone, be that as it may, has all the parts of an unfortunate legend. These are, in no specific request, having a high social position, not being excessively fortunate or unfortunate, being persistent in their activities, stirring compassion in the crowd, a brilliant sign, and having a solitary defect that achieves their own downfall and the end of others around them. Antigone has these characteristics consequently qualifying as the heartbreaking saint. The principal qualifying viewpoint is that Antigone is of a high social remaining in Thebes. Creon himself alludes to her as a princess however she is in fact not, at this point one. On account of her high standing she is equipped for extraordinary torment, in that she has a great deal of acclaim what's more, respect to lose. The individuals who state Creon is the disastrous saint state say that Antigone is no longer in a high situation in the general public, in this manner does not qualify on that account. On the off chance that the character had should have been in a high political position this would be valid, however they need just have an extraordinary arrangement to lose in their destruction. In spite of the fact that she may no longer hold political power Antigone is as yet a ground-breaking figure in Thebes, since she was to be hitched to Creons child Haemon and the entire city appeared to know how lamentable her life had become. Antigone and Creon would qualify as the heartbreaking saint if the main necessity was not being excessively positive or negative. Creon shows his negative side when he won't cover Polyneices and when he addresses the guard. His positive side is appeared in his conspicuous friendship for Antigone and Ismene, whom he has endeavored to raise since their dads passing. Antigones indecent side is appeared by her depraved conduct with her sibling Polyneices. Her certain side is appeared by the manner in which the she demands on regarding his entitlement to be covered in the strict convention of Greece with the goal that his spirit may live on in existence in the wake of death. Another part of a heartbreaking saint is a resolute strategy, no doubt brought about by their blemish, that achieves their downfall and the end of everyone around them. Antigones defect is her rash also, tenacious conduct. This is the wellspring of the contention in the play. Had Antigone approached Creon for consent to cover Polyneices in recognition of the Greek job in strict life he would have likely permitted it. Rather, she impulsively chose to assume control over issues, probably in light of her annoyance in losing the genuine affection of her life. This perspective too rises later in the play, when Antigone chooses to slaughter herself in the cavern instead of give Creon the fulfillment of the deed. Had she not been so incautiously rushed she would have been saved her life by Creon, who was en route to free Antigone and have Polyneices given a legitimate internment. Creon doesn't have a determined nature, also, along these lines couldn't be the Aristotelian appalling saint. His incompetence as a ruler is predominant in the manner he falters on the subject of Polyneices internment. Before all else he appears to be very stubbor

Hanover Jamaica

The Hanover Revolt of 1776 AP-HIST 1050 Dave Cousins November 21, 2012 The Hanover Revolt of 1776 Two reports which talk about the slave revolt in seventeen seventy-six are titled as â€Å"The Jamaican Slave Insurrection† by Richard Sheridan and â€Å"Testing the Chains† by Michael Craton. Both these records contain these historian’s points of view about the seventeen seventy-six slave revolt. These archives both have similitudes and contrasts and contribute perspectives with the seventeen seventy-six slave revolt. Sheridan’s report is extremely point by point talking about the life of the maroons from when they marked the treaty.Sheridan’s record additionally examines the occasions that happened before the slave revolt, what caused the slave revolt, American Revolution, and the plot of the slaves. Sheridan’s archive goes into profundity and presents numerous subtleties on what he is attempting to state. Then again, Craton’s report jus t examines one significant occasion which was about the plot of the slaves. With no evidential evidence on what caused the slave revolt, these historian’s share with us there points of view and gives us a thought on what a portion of the solutions to our inquiries may be.Before the slave revolt happened in seventeen seventy-six, there were numerous other slave upheavals that happened previously. It was expressed in Sheridan’s archive that following quite a while of getting trapped and assaulted, the whites sued the Maroons for harmony. The Maroons and the whites in the long run marked the primary settlement which happened on March seventeen thirty-nine. The uprisings started to get baffled with the maroons do to the way that there have been no plans of assault since the arrangement was agreed upon. In spite of the fact that, in seventeen sixty, slaves from various estates in the area of St.Mary retaliated. This assault was effective because of the way that the slaves b roke in a post and obtained arms and black powder. This prompted the activity of the slaves going from ranch to manor executing the whites and dark enlisted people were expanding. With the comprehension of what circumstances happened previously, during and after the slave revolt in seventeen seventy-six, it is addressed among us on what caused the revolt? Despite the fact that there isn't a lot of evidential evidence on precisely what caused it, however there are historian’s purpose of perspectives, for example, Sheridan’s.In his record, Sheridan specifies that hard work and unforgiving discipline were refered to as solid intentions by a few slaves who were analyzed by justices of Hanover ward (Sheridan, 299). In Sheridan’s archive there are a model from both Orlando Patterson and Monica Schuler who affirm that, â€Å"most of the schemes and revolts in the time of this investigation started on domains having a place with non-attendant proprietors† (Sherid an, 299). Slaves had to work more earnestly with the goal that the white men would create huge benefits and pay rates for themselves. Sheridan expresses that these components were the motivation behind why the slave revolt gradually began.The slaves were in the end getting tired and tired of the treatment they were accepting from the whites. The vast majority of the slave flare-ups all through Jamaica inside this period started on homes having a place with truant owners (Sheridan, 299). Non-attendance brought about gross fumble of domains by lawyers who constrained the captive to work a long ways past their quality, to deliver enormous benefits for standards, commissions and pay rates for themselves (Sheridan, 292). Non-appearance is a case of how slaves were dealt with disgracefully, as a result of food deficiencies and huger carried hopelessness and disappointment to these slaves.Thus the cruel discipline and disappointment mostly drove the captives to uneasiness, which at that po int drove them to made insubordination. It is addressed all through these records with respect to why these slave flare-ups happened and to what the genuine thought process was behind plots. It is expressed in Sheridan’s report that the slaves intend to assault the whites when they were generally defenseless. For this situation it was supposed to be they were generally vulnerable during a Christmas Holiday. The slaves intended to exploit the white’s shortcoming; for this situation they wanted to quietly hold up until the white men evacuated their military unit so an assault would be more effective.The plot to raise an assault on the white individuals was found on Monday, July fifteenth. Both Sheridan and Craton state in their reports that July 15 was without a doubt the right date for the revelation of the plot. In spite of the fact that, in the records the accounts that prompted the disclosure of the plot are both disparate. In Craton’s record he expresses that a household slave was found with his master’s gun. While in Sheridan’s report he gets more into detail with it and clarifies that a slave kid was found to hold a gun while filling it with oil and cotton.On the other hand, the after math of this circumstance is both comparable on the records. Expressing that forty-eight instigators were captured and detained and that six of the most clearly blameworthy were executed inside the following couple of days. In the two reports Sheridan and Craton both notice a similar slave. Despite the fact that Craton spells the slaves name as â€Å"Pontiac† while Sheridan spells the slaves name as â€Å"Pontack†. The noteworthiness point about this slave is that in the two archives it expresses that this man was a fled slave who was a piece of the â€Å"Blue Hole estate†. This prompted the activities of getting caught and interrogated.The white men examining Pontiac by forcing him into giving out insights concerning t he uprisings. Rather than addressing the inquiry, he changed the subject and discussed the maroons and how Billy and Asherry were exhorting the slaves on what to do and that they were going to help them. This prompts the end that despite the fact that there isn't apparent confirmation that all the maroons joined with the slaves, there is obvious verification which is written in the two reports that Billy and Asherry did. Maroons were in the end supplanted by slave officers to pursue down wanderers after this incident.Jamaican’s economy had a remarkable development from the Maroon arrangements of 1739-40 to the episode of the American Revolution in seventeen seventy-five (Sheridan 293). Sheridan expresses the five wards which are the Hanover, St. James, Trelawny, St. Elizabeth and Westmoreland. It was entirely reasonable that the slaves out numbered the white men immeasurably. In seventeen seventy-four St. James had 12,557 slaves while there were just 478 whites. This can like wise be said in a proportion of 26:1. In the record of Craton it is expressed that the proportion in the Hanover from dark to whites was 25:1.Similarities do happen in this circumstance as the two archives advise the proportion which isn't accurate however fundamentally the same as. With this being stated, a significant correlation additionally is recognized inside the two reports with the relative subject. In Sheridon’s report it is recognized that from the years 1763-1775, sugar ranches expanded from 429 to 775. While in Craton’s record he expresses that there were 75 sugar manors beginning at the time of seventeen seventy-fifty. Respected John Lindsay D. D is a man who is referenced in both Sheridan and Craton’s document.He states connected trick with progressive belief system (Sheridan, 300). This is expressed by Revered John Lindsay D. D inside a letter that he composed. This letter can be found on page 175 of Craton’s record and on page 300 of Sheri dan’s archive. This letter by John Lindsay was kept in touch with a man named Dr. William Robertson, who was a well known antiquarian. The letter educated William Robertson that while slave revolts were normal, the scheme of seventeen seventy-six was one of a kind in its association of both the Creole and house slaves (Sheridan, 300).John Lindsay at that point talks about in his letter how when the whites are sitting at the table, where there is a holding up man behind each individual; the subject of American Rebellion has been antagonized among us (Sheridan, 300). Another model which is found in Sheridan’s report is from Stephan Fuller. Stephen proposed that the American Revolution may have been incompletely answerable for the slave revolt alarm of seventeen seventy-six. At the end of the day, subsequent to perusing the two archives it is obvious to the perusers that various students of history talk about occasions and circumstances that are comparative however yet ex traordinary at the equivalent time.In this case for instance, Sheridan spells the runaway slaves name as â€Å"Pontack† in his report, while Craton spells it as â€Å"Pontiac† in his record. This just demonstrates there are no evidential verification and confirmed realities on the seventeen seventy-six slave revolt. Investigating the two archives, unmistakably the principle question asked and still obscure is â€Å"what caused the slave revolt†. This inquiry was not replied in Craton’s archives, with the suspicion that he didn't have the foggiest idea what caused it. While Sheridan states in his reports that the primary driver for the revolt in eventeen seventy-six was because of the reality the slaves were simply exhausted and tired of the treatment that they were accepting. Getting Craton and Sheridan’s perspective in their archives, it rushes to decide which data is bogus or which data is the most precise when perusing the point by point occasio ns and circumstances during the revolt. As a student of history there is no conviction that what your colloquialism is right or a reality, however a perspective from get-together data could never do any harm or intrigue one antiquarian after another.

Ogilvy & Mather Essay

One of the most complete issues with Charlotte Beers’ brand stewardship was her informative procedure with upper-level administration. While the facts may prove that Beers’ had the option to build up an away from of Brand Stewardship and disclose what that intended to her community group â€Å"thirsty for change,† the thought was just an idea toward the finish of their gathering highest point. It is fundamental to the achievement of any arrangement that a technique should initially be created, and to that point, Charlotte Beers was at first on target. She united a group to devise a dream and plan for what Ogilvy and Mather was to turn out to be, however she never completely created what that methodology implied and how it was to be executed. This absence of procedure set the whole open arrangement up for disappointment as there never was an unmistakable source of inspiration to convey. To additionally muddle the arranging procedure, Beers assigned the â€Å"Chewton Glen Declaration† to others without clear, exact guidelines and checking. Rather, another gathering was framed to execute the vision of Charlotte Beers, who was the visionary, yet the one in particular who unmistakably comprehend what brand stewardship implied. As one worker expressed â€Å"The thought of brand stewardship was as yet early stage. Charlotte unmistakably comprehended it as far as she could tell however was simply figuring out how to convey it.† Appointment is vital, especially in an association as extensive as Ogilvy and Mather, however there is as yet a requirement for oversight. Lagers never characterized precisely what she needed the â€Å"Chewton Glen Declaration† to accomplish and whether that ought to incorporate an activity plan. The group was left to their own gadgets and figured an arrangement off the inadequate subtleties given to them, concentrating on the improvement of Worldwide Client Service, not brand stewardship application. Past Beers need to impart bearings to her advancement group, she never portrayed to them the significance of why. It is incredibly hard to decide how to accomplish something when you don't plainly comprehend why theseâ actions are occurring. The vision of brand stewardship was created, and Beers discussed what that could intend to customers, setting aside the effort to separate that vision for them to see with their own eyes, however sadly that never occurred with the executives. Especially since Beers left her group to build up the â€Å"Chewton Glen Declaration,† with little course, the for what reason could have assisted with guiding them on a more clear way. Brews choice to actualize the Worldwide Client Service before building up a reasonable activity plan for her staff was one that solitary created more disarray. The utilization of this new branch turned into an informative interruption for representatives, denying them an opportunity to grasp and fathom brand stewardship, and rather tossing a few confused applications with little guidance. All that this conduct prompted was an aggregate choice to pull together, redesign and endeavor again to unmistakably characterize who and what Ogilvy and Mather Worldwide are. Section 2: One of the most significant parts of legitimate correspondence of brand stewardship and late changes at Ogilvy and Mather will be correspondence channels. Guaranteeing that all the crowds both inside and remotely are getting an unmistakable and key message will help in the execution of a fruitful message and application. Recorded underneath is an incorporating perspective on who those sources, assets and customers are who need an away from of Brand Stewardship and what it implies. Inward: †¢Core Disciplines oSales Promotion oPublic Relations oAdvertising oDirect Marketing †¢Middle Management †¢Upper Management oNorth American Office Presidents oRegional Headquarters Leaders oWorldwide Headquarters Leaders †¢Worldwide Services oFinancing oCorporate Communications Outer: †¢Clients oLocal Clients oWorldwide Clients †¢Stakeholders Despite the fact that correspondence to all zones list above is critical, it is additionally insolent to organize. Of the six crowd sections laid out over, the three I would recognize as top needs would be Clients, Core Disciplines and Worldwide Services. Customers would be one of the top needs for Ogilvy and Mather on the grounds that the need to comprehend the idea of Brand Stewardship to put resources into it, without their help of the thought the idea would be old. The primary objects of this correspondence technique would be to most importantly for them to completely get a handle on Brand Stewardship and how it can function for their organization. This is essential since it isn't just about seeing, yet it’s additionally about knowing the advantages of this administration and what it can accomplish for their organization. With the know, I would likewise need them to see how Ogilvy and Mather will approach showcasing these advantages through system and astute arranging. The Core Disciplines assume a critical job in the Brand Stewardship plan, as they are the people who will execute the thought. This gathering would be a need supposing that they don't comprehend the idea then neither will the customer since they are the communicators, they give the models and last result of what Brand Stewardship truly is. The fundamental informative item for the Core Disciplines would be for them to have the option to unmistakably and succinctly characterize what Brand Stewardship is. On the off chance that they can clarify precisely what the message and idea is, at that point theyâ will have finished the initial step to appropriate execution. I would likewise like them to comprehend who their assets are, and what instruments are accessible to them, for example, manuals and others in their situation at different workplaces. This would be an open door for coordinated effort and brand incorporation for Ogilvy and Mather Worldwide. Finally, I would organize Worldwide Services as they are the touchstone for all parts of Ogilvy and Mather. The Worldwide Services division is critical on the grounds that they speak to consistency all through the organization. One of greatest worries inside the organization was monetary fairness and pay and by realizing what Brand Stewardship is and how it’s executed, at that point they can offer money related remuneration equivalent to the outstanding task at hand. Likewise, this division is the wellspring of open informing all inclusive, in a way they are the stewards of the Ogilvy and Mather brand. It would significant that the Worldwide Services can decipher Brand Stewardship both monetary, and as an asset for all branches around the world. They speak to the command post, and it will be significant that they can offer information and help to all the organizations that need assistance with Brand Stewardship. Section 3: Assess Beers’ qualities and shortcomings as a pioneer and communicator dependent on what you read for the situation. What counsel would you give her †as far as her own correspondence style and inclusion †as she gets ready to relaunch the vital change activity? (33%) All through the examination of Charlotte Beers at Ogilvy and Mather Worldwide contextual investigation, we can see numerous instances of her qualities and shortcomings as a pioneer. Lagers is a visionary who can take a current organization with a solid corporate personality, discolored by unseemly administration and inhale new life into what their identity is. Her qualities lie with her capacity to make and sell. Not exclusively would she be able to imagine Brand Stewardship, however she could likewise make customers she it with next to zero assets. Charlotte Beers likewise had a solid handle after marking, and what that implies for the achievement of an organization. She realized that to have her new workers get tied up with her and her vision, she needed to get everybody on the same wavelength. Sheâ worked hard at assembling individuals to make a shared objective, which prevailing at a few times, it was her execution that debilitated her vision. Where Beers needed was the capacity to transform her thoughts into genuine triumphs through arranging and vital correspondence.

Ceres and Persephone in The Pomegranate and The Bistro Styx - Literature Essay Samples

As time passes, plants grow, people age and eventually the ones who hold most dear will leave your side. In the myth of Ceres and Persephone, the God of Harvest loses her matured daughter to the King of the Underworld. The tale continues on to display the search for the prolonged search for her dear daughter and the emotional turmoil that ensues from this abrupt situation. â€Å"The Pomegranate† and â€Å"The Bistro Styx† illustrate the complex mother-daughter relationship between a modern day Ceres and Persephone; while both poems depict the struggle of a mother accepting a daughter’s coming of age, Boland shows a mother’s eventual acceptance of this while Dove conveys a mother’s denial and fight against it. Both works efficiently showcase the similar internal battle the mother, the narrator, and Ceres silently face when realizing her daughter is ready to leave and move on in her life. Both narrators seem to be in denial. In â€Å"The Pomegranate†, the speaker â€Å"walked out in a summer twilight searching for [her] daughter at bed-time. [She] carried her back past whitebeams and wasps and honey-scented buddleias† (Boland 13-18) creating a sense of tranquility, almost as if her daughter was never taken away by Hades. It is later revealed that she is fully aware of her daughter’s departure as she rebukes the fruit that will eventually take her daughter away and emphases the fact that her daughter â€Å"could have come home and been safe and ended the story and all our heart-broken searching but she reached out a hand and plucked a pomegranate† (Boland 30-33). The mother is hopeful in a sense that she believes she could still â€Å"warn her [daughter]. There [ was] still a chance† (Boland 42). Yet, will ultimately lose her daughter in the end. â€Å"The Bistro Styx† also shows a mother in denial. The narrator continuously asks multiple questions and criticizes her daughter in order to make herself believe that her own daughter is not ready to be an adult yet. Their conversation is cold and short, almost distant. Like â€Å"The Pomegranate,† despite her mental battle to keep her daughter, she too, will eventually lose her. Boland depicts Ceres as a gentle, accepting mother, patiently waiting and preparing for her daughter to leave her in â€Å"The Pomegranate.† The mother relates to the myth of Ceres and Persephone in various instances and states that â€Å"the best thing about the legend is [that she] can enter it anywhere† (Boland 6-7) and has. She too was â€Å"a child in exile in a city of fogs and strange consonants† (Boland 8-9) and knows what it will be like for her daughter. She, herself, has been a young girl reaching the prime of her life as well, although this time is different. The speaker will now experience a mother’s pain when her child walks down a separate path rather than the child’s joy of entering into the world as an adult. Instead of fighting against it, she accepts it. The mother is aware that her daughter’s time will come and prepares for it patiently as she â€Å"stand[s] where [she] can see [her] child asleep beside her teen magazines , her can of Coke, her plate of uncut fruit† (Boland 26-28). The mother knows that â€Å"the legend [of Ceres and Persephone] will be her [daughter’s] as well as her [own]. [Her daughter] will enter it. As [did she]† (Boland 50-51) and accepts it peacefully knowing that one day her daughter â€Å"will hold the papery flushed skin in her hand. And to her lips. [But she] will say nothing† (Boland 52-54). In â€Å"The Bistro Styx,† Dove shows Ceres as a seemingly harsh, judgmental mother who is feverishly attempting to reunite with her distant daughter. The poem begins to show a mother waiting for her daughter to dine with her in a French Bistro. Unlike â€Å"The Pomegranate,† the daughter has already left her mother, rather than almost reaching adulthood, and has started her own life in Paris. The mother is cold and unkind. She continuously slams her daughter’s new lifestyle in her own mind, never voicing her true intentions. The narrator may have kissed her daughter and continued onto small talk, asking questions such as â€Å"How’s business† (Dove 15) and commenting about how she would â€Å"like to come by the [daughter’s] studio† (Dove 41-42) but the mother is battling a war on the inside. She â€Å"hazarded a motherly smile† (Dove 15-16) only to act as if everything was normal and fine although the tension is evident betwee n the two. In her mind she cried out rude comments such as asking her daughter if she â€Å"was content to conduct [her own] life as a cliche and an anachronism, the brooding artist’s demimonde† (Dove 17-19)? Also, depicting scenes in which the narrator imagines and feels that her daughter is eating her alive due to the heavy emotional strain she is going through because of her daughter’s decision to leave. Comparing her own heart to a â€Å"chateaubriand, smug and absolute in its fragrant crust, one touch with [her daughter’s] fork sent pink juices streaming† (Dove 29-33). Throughout this meeting, her own daughter is attempting to prove to her mother that she is doing fine on her own and she no longer needs her. Dressing in â€Å"all gray, from a kittenish cashmere skirt and cowl down to the graphite signature of her shoes† (Dove 7-9) to create a look of maturity. The daughter continuously talks about her â€Å"gallery cum souvenir shopâ⠂¬  (Dove 21) and how the â€Å"tourists love [them]. The Parisians are amused, though not without a certain admiration† (Dove 26-28) to assure her mother that her new life is thriving. Even apologizing that she was late, although she wasn’t, to make herself look like a busy woman. Unlike the daughter in Boland’s poem, she is aware that she is of age to leave her mother and made a conscious decision to do so. In the end of the battle of words, her mother asks if her daughter is truly happy, whispering it as though she was afraid of her daughter’s answer. The daughter responds as if she didn’t hear her, replying that â€Å"[her mother] really should try the fruit here† (Dove 68-70). The final sentence was a finishing blow for her mother as she calls for the check and immediately realizes that she has lost her. It is only then that she accepts that her daughter has truly moved on, although it still has a bitter tone for a resolve. The two poems, â€Å"The Pomegranate† and â€Å"The Bistro Styx† conveys the internal conflict a mother must face when her daughter is old enough to lead her own life. While both works use the myth of Ceres and Persephone, â€Å"The Pomegranate† shows the mother to be accepting and preparing for her daughter to leave while the latter, â€Å"The Bistro Styx,† displays a mother that is currently fighting against the will of her grown daughter, hoping that she will return to her. In the end, both poems conclude that the mothers, or narrators, have, or will eventually, lose their daughter. Nothing could be done to stop the ancient cycle of Ceres and Persephone.

Ernesto Che Guevara - 1643 Words

A. Plan of Investigation Question: Was Ernesto â€Å"Che† Guevara the revolutionary hero as depicted in today’s pop culture, or was he a vicious murderer, obsessed with the destruction of capitalism? Methods: This investigation will describe Che Guevara’s involvement in Latin American independence movements, focusing specifically on his involvement with Fidel Castro’s â€Å"26th of July† movement. His actions and words will be analyzed, and his conduct this period of political upheaval will be used as evidence in order to answer the investigative question. B. Summary of Evidence 1. Guevara’s Revolutionary Involvement from 1928-1954 Ernesto Guevara, born in 1928 in Rosario, Argentina, was not born poor. He lived in middle-class comfort,†¦show more content†¦D. Analysis Ernesto Guevara has earned the praise of many who claim him as the champion of freedom against tyranny and the standard-bearer for the â€Å"just revolution†. But Che has also been condemned for his violent and cruel nature, which is prevalent the many executions that he carried out during his active years in revolutionary activity. Che personally executed his own soldiers if they were suspected of anti-revolutionary sentiment. According to Che’s personal diary, the first execution that he carried out was that of Eutà ­mio Guerra. â€Å"Che inspected the entry and exit wounds, very much the doctor, writing down that he had slept fine with what he had done.† (The True Story 22:50) Che had no remorse for executing someone who he had been close to for the past two years. Given the circumstances, an execution of a suspected spy may not be cause for remorse, but the executions that follow the fall of the Batista regime were anything but just. The trials conjured up b y Fidel and Che in order to appease the masses were for show, much like the Moscow trials of Stalin’s great purge. If deemed guilty by the judges, who did not deliberate at great lengths to decide one’s guilt or innocence, the accused would be pushed up against one of the firing squad walls and shot on the spot. There were no appeals and no arguments. When asked if there was proof toShow MoreRelated Ernesto Che Guevara Essay2914 Words   |  12 PagesChe Guevara, a revolutionary in Cuba, has become an internationally recognized figure. While many people are familiar with his achievements of helping to overthrow and rebuild the Cuban government, his image has expanded well beyond his political success. Che’s picture has been seen all over the world, in every imaginable context. Many people associate Che Guevara with the very word â€Å"revolution,† while others remember Che as a brutal and ruthless guerilla. While everyone has their own interpretationRead MoreErnesto Che Guevara Essay1914 Words   |  8 PagesErnesto Che Guevara Ernesto Che Guevara, a doctor and revolutionary in Bolivia, was assassinated by the American CIA for many political reasons, thus becoming a legend and idol after the Latin American Revolution. In the United States Che is remembered only as a relic of the 1960 revolution. In Europe he became a pop icon among the youth with little or no historical reference. Only in Cuba does his legacy stand for the hope and faith of the Latin American people. Ernesto Guevara de laRead More Ernesto Che Guevara Essay2680 Words   |  11 PagesErnesto Che Guevara Ernesto Che Guevara has undeniably been one of the most powerful icons of the past fourty years. The Argentine revolutionary has had his picture widely printed on shirts and posters and has become a symbol for the (often young) anarchist. Yet, how many of us really understand or know what Che stood for? Do we know what his philosophy was about? Very few of us have taken the time to understand the goals and principles of Guevara and what he fought for - to death. DrRead MoreBiography Of Ernesto Che Guevara1780 Words   |  8 Pagesthe world. Other people will learn from experiences and those experiences will stick with them as they go through life. Ernesto ‘Che’ Guevara learned a great amount from experiences that he shared in his memoir, The Motorcyle Diaries. In this book, he shares the story of his journey through a large portion of South America, with his friend Alberto. Throughout the journey, Guevara notes several differences within the individual countries and between the countries themselves. Some countries, like ChileRead MoreErnesto Che Guevara and His Role in the Cuban Revolution1007 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction One of the Cuban Revolutions major figures, Ernesto Che Guevara is widely known as a guerrilla leader and a Marxist revolutionary. However, to some people, he is considered both a mass murderer and a terrorist. Even though some view Ernesto Che Guevara as a murderer, he was an idealist and an intellectual with a genuine desire to change Latin America. Ernesto Che Guevara as an Intellectual and Idealist To begin with, it can be noted that Guevaras revolutionary mind andRead MoreErnesto Che Guevara, Helder Camara and Bell Hooks on Mussolinis Fascist View1918 Words   |  8 PagesLate twentieth century theorists Ernesto â€Å"Che† Guevara, Helder Camara, and Bell Hooks all reject Mussolini’s fascist view, in which individuals’ lives have no meaning outside of their participation in a totalitarian state (Mussolini, 6), and propose ideologies that target an end to limitations in which negate the opportunity for thymotic recognition in individuals. For Camara and Guevara, the poverty based injustices perpetuated globally in underdeveloped nations by world powers is the primary detrimentRead MoreA Journey to Political and Social Activism in Ernesto Che Guevaras Motorcycle Diaries1832 Words   |  8 PagesSocial Activism In Ernesto Che Guevara’s The Motorcycle Diaries Global Development Studies Holler Book Review Emily Gjos November 12th, 2012 Motorcycle Diaries by Ernesto â€Å"Che† Guevara is an autobiographical account that outlines the journey of Marxist revolutionary Che Guevara, then a 23-year-old medical student. Che and his friend Alberto leave their hometown of Buenos Aires, Argentina, in January 1952 on the back of an asthmatic and sputtering motorbike. Guevara inadvertently goesRead MoreBiography Of Ernesto Che 1545 Words   |  7 PagesErnesto â€Å"Che† Guevara was born on June 14, 1928, in Rosario, Argentina. He came from a wealthy upper-class family but leftist ideas. Most of the family’s wealth came from an inheritance left to Ernesto’s mother. Most of that wealth was lost due to different business ventures that the family invested in. During this time the family moved to several areas of Argentina, eventually settling on a plantation in the jungle region of the country. Very quickly it became obvious to the family that ErnestoRead MoreEssay Che Guevara796 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Che Guevara    The late Ernesto ‘Che’ Guevara was a genuine leader. His cause was to liberate  Cuba  from a corrupt military dictatorship, and resist  United States  interference in Cuban political affairs (â€Å"More or Less†, 2002). In the beginning this cause was just, but his passion grew to hatred, which inevitably consumed him. Che personified a collectivist but real concern for people, and truly came to believe that the key to realising that concern was through armed, savage, anti-imperialist politicalRead MoreResearch Paper on Che Guevara4218 Words   |  17 PagesResearch Paper on Chà © Guevara | Globalization | 11-10-2012 | Table of contents Introduction 2 Revolution 3 Chà © Guevara’s existence, and relationship with revolution 4 The Cuban Revolution 8 The Influence of Chà © Guevara on Latin America 12 Conclusion 17 Bibliography 18 Introduction I decided to write this research paper because we were assigned to find an issue or subject within Latin America to write about. One of the most widely known and influential revolutionary

Models and Theorists in Organizational Developement

Organizational Development Change Assignment # 2 [pic] Submitted By: Hassan Masood Faruqui 08-0219 BBA Models and Theorists in Organizational Development Edgar Schein Modification of the Three Stage Process: Edgar Schein modified the three stage process through specifying the psychological mechanisms involved in each stage. In stage 1, unfreezing is where disconfirmation creates hassle and discomfort, which causes guilt and anxiety and drives and motivates the person towards change. But unless the person feels comfortable with dropping the old behaviors and adopting new ones then change will not occur. This means the person must be psychologically safe in order to replace the†¦show more content†¦5. Structure: The study of structure should not be confined to hierarchical structure; rather it should be a function based structure focusing on the responsibility, authority, communication, decision making and control structure that exists between the people of the organization. 6. Systems: Systems includes all types of policies and procedures with regards to both the people and the operations of the organization. 7. Management Practices: This would entail a study of how well the mangers conform to the organization’s strategy when dealing with employees and the resources. 8. Work Unit Climate: It is a collective study of how the employees think, feel and what do they expect. The kind of relationships the employees share with their team members and members of other teams is also an important aspect of work unit climate. 9. Tasks and Skills: This involves understanding what a specific job position demands and the kind of kind of skills and knowledge that an employee must have in order to fulfill the task responsibilities of that job position. It is important to see how well jobs and employees have been matched. 10. Individual Values and Needs: This dimension seeks to explore the employee’s opinion about their work so as to identify the quality factors that will result in job enrichment and better job satisfaction. 11. Motivation Level: Identifying the motivation level ofShow MoreRelatedLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages60 Section 2: Planning 4—Planning Information Services and Systems . . . . . . . 65 Techniques and Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Environment for Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Planning Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 The Planning Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Factors in Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Time Frame . . . . . . . . .

Islamic Finance for Journal of Economic Surveys-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Islamic Finance for Journal of Economic Surveys. Answer: Introduction The main purpose of this assignment is to identify the similarities and differences which are present between Islamic and Conventional finance framework. In order to understand the difference between Islamic finance and conventional finance system, it is essential to first understand what the key concepts which are used in Islamic finance[1]. Modern Financial Institutions are solely based on interests which is as per Muslim law is against Sharia and it is expected that Muslims do not keep money with such financial institutions. A non-performing loan is a loan which was granted by the financial institution on which no schedule payments have been made for a period of more than 90 days. Such loans are either in default or at the risk of getting default. In other words, any loan amount which is expected to be in default then the loan is termed as a non-performing loan. In addition to this, if the debtor fails to make payments within specified period than also such will be considered as a non-performing loan. In case of a non-performing loan the lender has the right to take necessary actions to recover the principal amount of the loan. This is mostly seen when the loan is covered by an asset as a security for loans. The conventional bank will take steps like seize the asset, foreclosure process. In case of Conventional banks non-performing loans can be sold to investors in order to reduce the risks associated with a non-performing loan and in the process clean up their balance sheet. In the case of both Islamic financing institutions and conventional institutions, non-performing loan affect the business and therefore it is up to the management to manage the same effectively. In case of conventional banking system, where non-performing loans have been identified and there is a risk of default which is related to the loan than the bank in general cases creates provisions for such loans. Such non-performing loans are firstly classified on the basis of criteria which is substandard and doubtful debts. On the basis of such classifications the provisions for such debts are created. The provisions which is created for doubtful debts are generally more than the substandard category. In the case of Islamic financing as well the banks need to effectively manage non-performing loans[2]. The purpose of identifying of non-performing loan is to ensure that the banks are able to create provisions so that the impact and risks which are associated with loan term loans can be averted. A case study shows tha t Islamic banks are affected by non-performing loans and the essence of a non-performing loan is because it reflects the channelization of the loans and financing. Moreover, research show that high Non-performing loans for an Islamic bank and Conventional banks is a cause for the fall in profitability of the banks. Thus, it is important for both Islamic and conventional banks to effectively measure and maintain non-performance loans. As the risk and rewards are both shared by investors the non-performing assets risks also fall on the investors or depositors of such banks. In case of short term as well long-term loans which are to be issued by Islamic financial institutions, the viability of the project is to be analyzed carefully by the investors and then the loan amount is to be approved. As the risks of non-performing loans are to bear the investors the system is that the loan needs to be approved by the investors after he is satisfied by the viability of the project[3]. In case o f further defaults in the payment of the non-performing loans the banks can impose penalty on such non-performing[4]. The penalty which is imposed by the banks are used for the purpose of charity. As per the research the Islamic banks are developing in most parts of Saudi Arabia, parts of the middle east as well. In case of Islamic banks, equity-based sources of money are more preferred than debt-based sources. The depositors of an Islamic banks are basically shareholders of the banks. A bank which is more dependent on the equity sources like Islamic banks uses lending methods like mudarabah which is one-party joint partnership and a multi-party joint partnership which is known as musharaka. Moreover, the risks are shared by the depositors which is not the case in debt financing which is majorly used by conventional banks. In case of conventional banks, the risk are on mostly on the banks and not on the investors. another main difference between Islamic banks and Conventional banks which uses Equity financing and debt financing respectively is the basis of recording assets and liabilities in balance sheet. In case of Islamic banks, the asset side will contain certain cash which are kept as fixed assets and cash reserves and certain amount of equity as well and on the liability side investment profit and loss account deposits. As per the analysis of the work processes of a conventional banking system and Islamic banking system, Islamic banks are based on the profit and loss principle and does not charged interest whereas the conventional banks are dependent on the interest factor. The conventional banks charge interest on the loan amount which it lends to clients whereas no such interest is charged by Islamic banks and the main source of revenue is from the profits which are earned from investments which are shared with the depositors of such banks[5]. The main principles of an Islamic bank is based on the equity based policies which involves using the capital of its own and also the capital which it acquires from deposits which is used for investments through which profits for the banks are generated[6]. In case of conventional banks, the structure is based on debt policies. The major source of income for conventional banks is through lending of money as debts on which the bank charges interests following the time value of money concept[7]. As per the data which is available from secondary sources, it is clear that the Islamic banks are not responsible for the risks which are associated with the investment. In the case of Islamic banks, the risks are also to be bear by the investors same as they have share in the profits of the investments[8]. This is a point of difference between an Islamic bank and a conventional bank who borne all the risk part of the investors and also provides a fixed reward for the same. Hypothesis There is a wide range of differences between Islamic finance and conventional system of finance. The hypothesis which is used for the explanation of the same depends on the secondary data which is collected from various journals and works of other authors. The secondary data helps in the research and also is useful in developing the reasons and points which makes Islamic financing practices different from conventional system of financing[9]. The major difference which arises is that the conventional system of financing by institutions are heavily dependent on interest which is not the case in Islamic financing[10]. In the case of Islamic financing, the structure is based on the profit and loss principle which means that even though Islamic financing institutions are does not deal in interest as in the case of conventional institutions but share in the profits which are generated from the use of funds. The depositors of such Islamic institutions also have a share in the profits genera ted at pre-determined ratios which is stipulated by the institutions. The asset side of such Islamic bank show the transactions with the depositors in the asset side and transaction with the investment clients in the liability side. Whereas in the case of conventional institution shows taking deposits and paying interest and on the other side lending and charging interest are shown. In addition to this Islamic financing institution are based on the equity-based system, whereas the conventional banks are based on debt-based system. In case of conventional system, the shares capital of conventional system is that the nature of the capital is of permanent nature and in case of Islamic financial institution is that the capital is based on term investments. The process which is adopted by Islamic financial institutions for the purpose of accepting deposits from the public is quite different from the technique which is adopted by conventional financial institutions. The system which is fo llowed by Islamic financial institution follows the sharia or the rules of Islam. All the collection process of deposits is same in both cases of Islamic finances and conventional system of finance[11]. The point of difference lies in the area where the rewards are distributed for the deposits kept with institutions. In a conventional bank the rewards which are associated with deposits are fixed and generally provided in the form of interests. Whereas in the case of Islamic finance, the rewards are not fixed and the deposits are accepted through Musharaka and Mudaraba. Musharaka literally means to share profits in a partnership whereas Mudaraba is also related to sharing of profits. The difference between the two is that Musharak requires also involves sharing of losses strictly between the partners. Then there is the risk and return factor which is a point of difference between the two. In case of conventional system of financing the entire risks are borne by the banks and they pro vide securities to the depositors and the rewards totally belongs to the depositors. However, in the case of Islamic finance the both the risks and returns are equally shared by the depositors[12]. Thus, from the above discussions it can be clearly stated that there exists certain key difference in the principles which are followed and the structure of Islamic banks and conventional banks. Methodology The general differences and similarities of an Islamic banks and conventional banks can be analyzed through qualitative data analysis. Qualitative data refers to the facts and information which can be obtained for the purpose of a research through the works of other authors or journal other authors. The first step will be involving collection of data from various sources such as journals on conventional and Islamic banks which can provide information regarding the structure of the banks and also treatments of various items in the financial statements which are prepared by such banks. Then the next step will be involving detailed analysis of data which is collected from various journals and works of other authors in order to determine the structure and processes which are used by such banks and also the accounting treatments of deposits and payments and all other related information. As per the research, the financial statements can also be used to identify the difference in treatments of deposits and payments[13]. As per analysis, the partnership for profits and deposits are placed in the asset side whereas the transactions between the bank and the investment client are place on the liability side of a balance sheet. In case of a conventional banks, funds for which the banks nee d to pay interest are placed in the liability side and for the funds which are lend out and interest charged are placed in the asset side of the balance sheet[14]. Moreover, in case of Islamic banks as they do not charge interest or pay interest to the depositors of the banks, the treatments will be different for the profit sharing which is done in an Islamic bank in the financial statements. Thus, information about the difference in treatments can be collected by comparing the financial statements of both the types of banks. Then there is a difference in the strategies which are followed by Islamic banks in case of risks which are associated with the business. The risks are directly borne by the investors of the banks and not by the Islamic banks as it is in the case of conventional banks. Moreover in case of Islamic banks the principle of risk sharing is followed where the risks are shared by the depositors of the business. Results and Conclusion The results which can be drawn from the analysis work which is done above, it can be clearly stated that there exists difference between Islamic banks and conventional banks. There are various point of differences but the most crucial one is the basis on which the bank functions that is by charging and allowing interest from debtors and depositors respectively in case of conventional banks and by means of sharing profits for the investors of the company in case of Islamic banks. The Islamic banks strictly follows the Sharia framework where in some activities which are considered to unethical or prohibited in Islam are not allowed to be financed by such banks. Some of the restrictions which are discussed above relates to the prohibition of Islamic banks to allow or charge interest on the cash depositing and lending activities of the business. An aspect of Islamic finance which is not present in case of conventional banks is that the financing is either made on the principles of sharing risks and rewards or those financing which are backed by assets. Another unique feature of financing in an Islamic financing system is that it is in the form of mudaraba which can play an important role for overall development of the society. In Mudaraba form of financing a partnership is formed between funds which are provided by the banks and the skills which are there in a person who lacks the capital to have him backed and therefore it is an effective means to provide self- employment. From the analysis of the case it can be stated that the developing Islamic banks are not just there as a copy of conventional banking system. There has been difference in the working process of Islamic banks and conventional banks due to the Sharia principles which are followed by the Islamic banks. However, research shows that due to this sharia principle Islamic banks misses out on opportunities which conventional banks are able to enjoy such interest factor which covers up for the time vale of money aspect, investment in governmental bonds which bear significant amount of interests are missed out by Islamic banks. In spite of all this, the growth and development of Islamic banks have been tremendous in last two years in Pakistan and middle east countries. The system which are followed by conventional banks are different from that which are followed by Islamic banks. Reference Abedifar, P., et al., Islamic banking and finance: recent empirical literature and directions for future research.Journal of Economic Surveys, (2015)29(4), pp.637-670. Abedifar, P., Molyneux, P. and Tarazi, A., Risk in Islamic banking.Review of Finance,17(6), pp.2035-2096. (2013). Ahmed, H., Islamic banking and Shariah compliance: a product development perspective.Journal of Islamic finance.,(2014) 3(2), pp.15-29. Beck, T., Demirg-Kunt, A. and Merrouche, O., Islamic vs. conventional banking: Business model, efficiency and stability.Journal of Banking Finance, (2013)37(2), pp.433-447. Gheeraert, L. and Weill, L., Does Islamic banking development favor macroeconomic efficiency? Evidence on the Islamic finance-growth nexus.Economic modelling, (2015).47, pp.32-39. Iqbal, M. and Molyneux, P.,Thirty years of Islamic banking: History, performance and prospects. Springer. (2016). Karim, R.A.A. and Archer, S.,Islamic finance: the new regulatory challenge. John Wiley Sons. (2013.) Khan, M.S. and Mirakhor, A.,Theoretical studies in Islamic banking and finance. BookBaby. (2015). Makri, V., Tsagkanos, A. and Bellas, A., Determinants of non-performing loans: The case of Eurozone.Panoeconomicus, (2014).61(2), p.193. Rahman, I. and Sulfia, D.J.,Islamic Banking and Finance. Anchor Academic Publishing (2015). Samra, E., Corporate governance in Islamic financial institutions. (2016). karica, B., Determinants of non-performing loans in Central and Eastern European countries.Financial theory and practice, (2014).38(1), pp.37-59. Waemustafa, W. and Sukri, S., Systematic and unsystematic risk determinants of liquidity risk between Islamic and conventional banks. (2016) Wilson, R., The development of Islamic finance in the gulf cooperation council states.The Transformation of the Gulf: Politics, Economics and the Global Order, (2013).146, pp.47-76.